I hope you are successfully completing Examenito Mucho Mas Grande. Good Luck to all.
Anyway...In an effort to keep you focused, and help you manage your time effectively, here are the week's assignments. Click the appropriate links for the HW resources.
Please pay careful attention to due dates and assignments. Please make sure that you put the date of the assignment and your name on the work that you turn in.
Monday Night 10/26. Due Date: 10/27
1. Watch and Listen to the Lectures:
3. Write your chapter notes outline on ONE (1) index card. I will be checking these on TUESDAY
Tuesday Night 10/27. Due Date: 10/29
Complete Chapter ID's and Guided Reading Questions (Click for the ID's and Q's)
Thursday Night. Due Date 10/30
PODCAST NIGHT! Get your friends, and gather round the computer for an interesting and engaging discussion! CLICK HERE FOR THE PODCAST. Click here for the podcast form.
Friday Night: Due Monday 11/2
1. Preview Ch. 10 by Highlighting and Outlining the Chapter Notes. Write your outline on an index card, which will be used as an "entrance ticket" to class on Monday.
3. Complete ID's and Guided Reading Questions. To make your lives a little more convenient, and with the help of Mr. Hengersterman from Ballston Spa HS, here's a complete ON-LINE Workbook for the Textbook.
I will post resources shortly. See you all on Monday.
12 comments:
I LEARNED...
- In May of 1787, our 'Founding Fathers' gathered i Philadephia to create a new kind of government.
- long hot summer for the 'fathers'
- 1787 problems: a.o.c. more for revolution than ga=overnment of nation
- they tried to avoid abusive powers
- no taxation without representaiton protest
- country in deep debt no tax
- different money in each state
- they thought the nation was bout to vanish
- a coo de ta?? (i have no idea)
- throwing out constituion and making a new one is a.. coo-de-ta (?)
- Madison's notes showed men with little faith, give power and then restrain it
- want powerful government but with "safeguards"- meaning where there is no room for abusive power
- President came from: break up executive branch
- George Washington will be president
- Can't make descisions before they solve nature of the legislature
- Executive Branch- symbolically represent national unity
- Senate representional
- Electoral College: rises from 1800s. communication and transportation poor. Popularity important. Designed w/ assumption.
- Men kept it secret. Swear not to talk about it in public.
- James Madison wants to blab, in letters to his father
- Anti-federalist oppose stronger government
- Patrick Henry:" I smell a rat,"
- Create a strong central government.
MAIN POINTS:
I found it interesting when the speaker was talking about the significance of the executive branch. Carol, the speaker, said that the postion of the executive branch was symbolic. It represented the national unity of our country. in Jame Madison's notes it says men had little faith in this new constituion and governmetn. They would want to give power but then restrain it. Our Founding Fathers were locked up in secrecy in a hot room and devised a plan for our new government. They wanted to avoid as much abusive power as possible by putting "safeguards" on everything.
1. What social changes resulted from the American Revolution?
Some social changes that resulted from the American Revolution were that the social democracy was stimulated by the growth of trade organizations for artisans and laborers. Ordinary people asked to be called 'Mr.' or 'Mrs.' These were titles that were only to be used for the upper class highly sophisticated people.
Constitution Making in the States
Know: State Constitutions, Fundamental Law
2. What was the importance of the state constitutions?
The state constitutions were suppose to represent a fundamental law. These state constitutions depended on the mood of people and it included bills of rights.
Economic Crosscurrents
Know: Navigation Laws, Empress of China, Speculation
3. What were the positive and negative effects of the war on America?
Goods that used to be imported from England were cut off. This forced Americans to make their own. Prior to war, Americans had a good trade with Britain but now they didn’t. However they could now trade with foreign countries, and with any nation they wanted to. They weren't allowed to do this before.
A Shaky Start toward Union
Know: Natural Rights
4. Why was the end of the war difficult on the national government?
The people were given the independence but they were far from united. Britain also bombarded
America with a bunch of cheap goods. This ended up hurting America's industry
Creating a Confederation
Know: Sovereignty, Articles of Confederation
5. What forces served to unify the separate states during the war?
The new states chose a confederation as their first government—a loose union of states where a federal and state level exist, yet the state level retains the most sovereignty to “do their own thing.” For example, during the war, states had created their own individual currencies and tax barriers. The Articles of the Confederation was finished in 1777, but it was finally completely ratified by the last state, Maryland, on March 1, 1781. A major dispute was that states like New York and Virginia had huge tracts of land west of the Appalachians that they could sell off to pay off their debts while other states could not do so. As a compromise, these lands were ceded to the federal government, which pledged to dispense them for the common good of the union (states would be made). The Northwest Ordinance later confirmed this. ( I used wiki notes)
6. What weaknesses plagued the Articles of Confederation? What was good about it?
It was a landmark in government It was a model for what ought to be loose confederation. What was bad was that it was loose and they needed a tightly knitted federation.
Landmarks in Land Laws
Know: Old Northwest, Land Ordinance of 1785, Northwest Ordinance of 1787
7. Explain the importance of the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance.
The Land Ordinance of 1785 answered the question, “How will the new lands in the Ohio Valley be divided up?” It provided the acreage of the Old Northwest should be sold and that the proceeds be used to pay off the national debt. This vast area would be surveyed before settlement and then divided into townships (six miles square), which would then be divided into 36 square sections (1 mile square) with one set aside for public schools (section #16). The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 answered the question, “How will new states be made once people move out there?” It made admission into the union a two stage affair: There would be two evolutionary territorial stages, during which the area would be subordinate to the federal government. When a territory had 60,000 inhabitants, they wrote a state constitution and sent it to Congress for approval. If approved, it’s a new state. It worked very well to solve a problem that had plagued many other nations. (I used wiki notes)
The World's Ugly Duckling
Know: Natchez, Dey of Algiers
8. Using examples, explain the title of this section.
The Horrid Specter of Anarchy
Know: Shay's Rebellion, Mobocracy
9. Were the United States of America in danger of falling apart under the Articles of Confederation? Explain.
Yes, because it was loose and they weren't allowed to tax and they had a lot of debt.
A Convention of "Demigods"
Know: George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, Patrick Henry
10. What kind of men gathered in Philadelphia for the "sole and express purpose of revising" the old government?
Among them were people like Hamilton, Franklin, and Madison.
However, people like Jefferson, John and Sam Adams, Thomas Paine, Hancock, and Patrick Henry were not there. Notably the Patriots like Sam Adams were seen as too radical. (I used wikinotes)
Patriots in Philadelphia
11. How does George Washington's quote, "We have, probably, had too good an opinion of human nature in forming our confederation." help to explain the purposes of our founding fathers.
The Founding Fathers sought out unity and a strong government where no one would receive abusive powers.
Hammering out a Bundle of Compromises
Know: Virginia (large state) Plan, Bicameral Legislature, New Jersey (small state) Plan, Great Compromise, Electoral College, Three-fifths Compromise
12. Describe the compromises that were achieved by the delegates to the Constitutional Convention.
Virginia’s large state plan called for Congressional representation based on state population, while New Jersey’s small state plan called for equal representation from all states (in terms of numbers, each state got the same number of representatives, two.) Afterwards, the “Great Compromise” was worked out so that Congress would have two houses, the House of Representatives, where representation was based on population, and the Senate, where each state got two representatives All tax bills would start in the House.
Safeguards for Conservatism
Know: Checks and Balances, Separation of Powers
13. How democratic was the Constitution as originally written?
The Clash of Federalists and Antifederalists
Know: Antifederalists, Federalists
14. Who were the antifederalists and why did they oppose the Constitution?
The antifederalist were poor class people. They decried the dropping of annual elections of congressional representatives and the erecting of what would become Washington D.C., and the creation of a standing army.
The Great Debate in the States
15. Did most of the states approve of the Constitution? Why?
Elections were run to elect people into the state conventions. Four small states quickly ratified the Constitution, and Pennsylvania was the first large state to act. In Massachusetts, a hard fought race between the supporters and detractors (including Samuel Adams, the “Engineer of Revolution” who now resisted change), and Massachusetts finally ratified it after a promise of a bill of rights to be added later. Had this state not ratified, it would have brought the whole thing down. Three more states ratified, and on June 21, 1788, the Constitution was officially adopted after nine states (all but Virginia, New York, North Carolina, and Rhode Island) had ratified it.
The Four Laggard States
Know: Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, James Madison, The Federalist
16. Explain some of the opposition to ratification of the Constitution?
Virginia, knowing that it could not be an independent state (the Constitution was about to be ratified by the 9th state, New Hampshire, anyway), finally ratified it by a vote of 89 to 79. New York was swayed by The Federalist Papers, written by John Jay, James Madison, and Alexander Hamilton, and finally yielded after realizing that it couldn’t prosper apart from the union. North Carolina and Rhode Island finally ratified it after intense pressure from the government.
A Conservative Triumph
17. What does your text mean when it says that the Constitution, "...elevated the ideals of the Revolution even while setting boundaries to them."?
The minority had triumphed again, and the transition had been peaceful. Only about 1/4 of the adult white males in the country (mainly those with land) had voted for the ratifying delegates. Conservationism was victorious, as the safeguards had been erected against mob-rule excesses. Revolutionaries against Britain had been upended by revolutionaries against the Articles. It was a type of counterrevolution. Federalists believed that every branch of government effectively represented the people, unlike Anti-federalists who believed that only the legislative branch did so. In the U.S., conservatives and radicals alike have championed the heritage of democratic revolution.
Chapter IDs
Washington"s Cabinet: Members of congress at the time of Washington
Judiciary Act of 1789: A landmark statue adopted on Sept 1789
Federalists: Polititial party ormed by Alexander Hamilton
Democratic-Republicans: Polititial Party
Jay"s Treaty: Adverted war between America and England
Washington"s Farewell Address: Written before Washingtons retirement
Midnight appointments: last minute judges appointed by Adams. They all were federalists.
Revolution of 1800: When Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams in the election
Judiciary Act of 1801: An effort to solve an issue within the supreme court
XYZ Affair: A diplomatic scandal in which was 3 french agents did labeled as X Y and Z.
Chisholm v Georgia: the first supreme court
Washington for President
Know: George Washington, Cabinet, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Knox
1. Was Washington an important president? Explain. Washington was a commander in both the French and Indian war and the American Revolution. He also resighned when he was offered a spot as king.
The Bill of Rights
Know: James Madison, Ninth Amendment, Tenth Amendment, Judiciary Act, John Jay
2. What important steps were taken by the first congress? We wrote the Bill of Rights which were the first ten amendments of the constitution.
Hamilton Revives the Corpse of Public Credit
Know: Funding at Par, Assumption of State Debts
3. How did Alexander Hamilton's economic plans lead to the District of Columbia? His plan was to retire the old depreciated obligations by borrowing new money at a lower interest rate.
Customs Duties and Excise Taxes
Know: Revenue Tariffs, Protective Tariffs, Excise Taxes
4. Explain Hamilton's overall economic plan for America. to form the department of Treasury
Mutinous Moonshiners in Pennsylvania
Know: Whiskey Rebellion
6. Was the Whiskey Rebellion a victory for freedom, order, or both? Explain. It was a victory for freedom for the farmers because they didn’t obey washingtons orders to stop the revolt, so they gained power.
The Emergence of Political Parties
Know: Factions, Parties
7. Why did political parties develop during George Washington's presidency? Were they good or bad?
The Federalists and the democratic republicans. The federalists weren’t very good because they didn’t last very long.
Washington's Neutrality Proclamation
Know: Franco-American Alliance, Neutrality Proclamation, Citizen Genet
9. Explain the reasoning for and against Washington's Neutrality Proclamation. It was good because it kept the peace within France and Great Britain.
Embroilments with Britain
Know: Anthony Wayne, Battle of Fallen Timbers, Treaty of Greenville
10. How did British actions towards Native Americans and American merchant ships incite many Americans? They blockaded
John Adams Becomes President
Know: John Adams, High Federalists
12. What handicaps did John Adams face as he became president? He was part of the federalist party which didn’t have many supporters
Adams Puts Patriotism above Party
Know: Napoleon Bonaparte, Convention of 1800
14. How did avoiding war with France hurt John Adams' political career? In my opinion he did the right thing because france and US were originaly allies.
Federalists versus Democratic-Republicans
17. What were some key differences between Federalists and Democratic Republicans? Democrats believed in states rights and the federalists believed in a strong central government
Luca D.
Chapter ID's
Washington's Cabinet - Washington's elected members of the government
Judiciary Act of 1789- A landmark statue adopted on Sept 1789
Federalists- Alexander Hamilton's Political party. They were for a strong nationalp government.
Democratic-Republicans- Jefferson's Political party.Against federalist views.
Jay's Treaty- Stopped war between America and England
Washington's Farewell Address- Written for Washington's retirement by Washington.
Midnight appointments- Last minute appointments of judges by Adams
Revolution of 1800- When Jefferson Defeated Adams in an election.
Judiciary Act of 1801- Attempted to solve supreme court issue.
XYZ Affair- Scandal involving three french agents code named X Y Z
Chisholm v Georgia - First supreme court hearing.
Luca D.
Outline
Population was GROWING
New States began to pop up past the Appalachians
Heavy Debt haunted the nation
George Washington Unanimously voted president
Washington Established a cabinet of members(not asked for by Constitution)
States still wanted a Bill of Rights and it was adapted after enough states ratified it
Judiciary Act of 1789 created effective Federal Courts
John Jay first Chief Justice of U.S.
Hamilton wanted the government to pay it's debts and assumed debts at face value plus interest.
Rich in the Federal Gov't Liks "Funding at Par"
Hamilton unworried at LARGE national debt. He used the debt as an "Asset"
Hamilton added customs duties to stimulate economy
Excise Tax was made to stimulate economy
Hamilton proposed a national bank With gov't as major stockholder to circulate money that was worth something.
Jefferson and Hamilton fought against each other. Hmailton felt things not forbidden by the constitution were allowed while Jefferson did not.
Hamilton Won and the Bank of the United States was made.
It started with $10 million as capital and opened to sale. It sold out in two hours.
"Whiskey Rebellion" Over excise tax.
Washington sent 13,000 troops to rebels who were scattered by the time the army got there. This showed the strength of the new government.
Political parties were made through the rivalries of Jefferson and Hamilton
These helped to strengthen gov't
Near the end of Washington’s first term, in 1793, two parties had evolved: the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans and the Hamiltonian Federalists.
The French revolution effected the US. In the beginning groups approved but not as it progressed to bloodshed.
With the French revolution came the chance for the US to enter a war.
Both political parties had differed views on who to join
Washington did not want to enter because he felt the war would disintegrate the country so he made the nuetrality proclamation.
Soon afterwards, Citizen Edmond Genêt, landed at Charleston, South Carolina, as representative to the U.S. He was kicked out of US after controversial antics.
Although France was mad that the U.S. didn’t help them, officially, the U.S. didn’t have to honor its alliance from the Treaty of 1778 because France didn’t call on it to do so
Britain supplied indians with weapons to attack colonists
The Treaty of Greenville, in 1795, had the Indians cede their vast tract in the Ohio country to the Americans after General “Mad Anthony” Wayne crushed them at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794. It was here that the Americans learned of, and were infuriated by, British guns being supplied to the Indians.
The british attacked US ships despit US nuetrality.
Washington sent John Jay to England to attempt to avert the war. The Jay treaty was made
Pickeney treaty gave US permission to sail the mississippi.
Farewell adress from Washington warned againsts permanent alliance with foreign nations and political parties.
Adam's was elected president. Thomas Jefferson became vice president.
France disliked "Jay's Treaty"
XYZ affair angered Americans
"Undeclared War"Waged at sea between US and France
Adam's kept US nuetral in Foreign Wars which lost his popularity but saved the US.
Alien laws and Sedition acts aimed to stop poor immigrants from coming to the country and ruining the economy.
Resentful Jeffersonians would not take these laws lying down, and Jefferson feared that the Federalists, having wiped out freedom of speech and of the press, might wipe out more.
He wrote a series of legislation that became the Kentucky Resolution in 1798-99, and friend James Madison wrote another series of legislation (less extreme) called the Virginia Resolution.
While neither Madison nor Jefferson wanted secession, they did want an end to Federalist abuses
Federalists and Democratic republicans waged "War"Constantly throguh their parties.
He was an important President because he was the first and a war hero. His imposing figure and humility made him the ideal President America needed. He created the Cabinet even though it's not necessary Constitutional wise.
They created the Bill of Rights which were the people's civil rights. They are ten amendments that are our civil rights.
Massachusetts had a big debt while Virginia didn't. They thought it was unfair that they assumed the whole nation was in debt when they clearly weren't. The bargain was that Virginia would have the District of Columbia thus gaining prestige and in return the government can assume all state's were in debt.
He put an excise tax on domestic products and out a low tariff on imported goods. If people owed the government money then more people would care about what's going to happen to the United States as a whole nation.
Hamilton thinks a bank is necessary and proper. It would expand power and whatever was forbidden in the Constitution was allowed. Jefferson had opposite of Hamilton. He felt a bank should be state controlled. Hamilton had a loose interpretation of the Constitution while Jefferson's was strict.
The Whiskey Rebellion was a victory in the sense that it proved we had a strong government.
It developed because of Hamilton's policies and there was a rivalry between Jefferson and Hamilton. It was good because it strengthen the government and this in return helped balance out the power .
Some people were happy that it wasn't about dethroning Britain and some Federalists were upset over the revolt.
They were FOR Washington's act because it ended up helping France because in that way could France get needed American foodstuffs to the Caribbean islands. They were against because it didn't reflect the feelings of Americans.
The British supplied the Indians with guns. They also seized about 300 American merchant ships and kidnapped seamen into their army.
No, because it gave us the Pinckney Treaty which gave Americans permission to navigate Mississippi and northern regions of Florida.
He had a hateful rival and opponent in Hamilton. He had a 'volatile' situation w/ France which could end up in war.
The XYZ Affair where John Adams sent three envoys to France where they approached agents 'x' 'y' and 'z'. They wanted 32 million florins and 250 thousand bribe just for talking to Talleyrand.
He became very unpopular and he lost his chance at second term. But he did do the right thing.
The reasons for these Acts were because people spoke or wrote ill of the President. This was to prevent it and make sure there were consequences.
The Alien and Sedition Acts because it stopped poor people from coming and making the economy bad.
The Federalists
Most Federalists were the old Federalists from before the Constitution.
They wanted a strong government ruled by the educated aristocrats, the “best people.”
Most were the merchants, manufacturers, and shippers along the Atlantic seaboard.
They were mostly pro-British and recognized that foreign trade was key in the U.S.
The Democratic-Republicans
Republicans were led by Thomas Jefferson, a poor speaker but a great leader, and an appealer to the common people. They desired rule by informed classes and a weaker central government that would preserve the sovereignty of the states. They were mostly pro-French.
Jefferson was rich and even owned slaves, but he sympathized with the common people.
They emphasized that national debt had to be paid off.
They were mostly agrarians (farmers), and insisted on no privileges for the upper class.
They saw farming was ennobling: it kept people away from wickedness of the cities, in the sun, and close to God.
He advocated rule of the people, but not all the people, just those who weren’t ignorant.
Slavery could help avoid a class of landless voters by providing the necessary labor.
He championed free speech, but he was foully abused by editorial pens.
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