Chapter #25 Identifications
Modernist In 1859 Charles Darwin
published On the Origin of Species which dealt with the idea of evolution, an
idea that strictly conflicted with the literal interpretation of the Bible.
This idea was called Darwinism and those who believed in it were called
Modernists. They were disgraced by the church but as time went by more liberal
thinkers were able to reconcile Darwinism and Christianity.
Women's Christian Temperance
Union organized in 1874 and the white ribbon was the symbol of
purity; led by Frances E. Willlard; the league was for prohibition; 1919 the
18th Amendment was passed for national prohibition-was only a temporary
solution
Eighteenth Amendment In 1919 this amendment did
away with all Liquor, making it illegal.
Settlement House a house where immigrants came to live upon entering the U.S. At Settlement
Houses, instruction was given in English and how to get a job, among other things.
The first Settlement House was the Hull House, which was opened by Jane Addams
in Chicago in 1889. These centers were usually run by educated middle class
women. The houses became centers for reform in the women's and labor movements.
Nativism a philosophy in which you hate immigrants and have much patriotism
Philanthropy Philanthropy is when wealthy
millionaires give back some of the money they have earned to benefit society.
The money would be sent to benefit the libraries, the arts, and the colleges.
An example of two of the most famous philanthropists would be Andrew Carnegie
and John D. Rockefeller.
Social Gospel preached by many people in the 1880s and
said that due to the social environment poor people sometimes could not help
their situation. This caused some churches to get involved in helping the poor,
but some disagreed and didn't think that they should be helped because it was
their fault.
Horatio Alger a popular writer of the Post-Civil War time period. Alger was a Puritan
New Englander who wrote more than a hundred volumes of juvenile fiction during
his career; the famous "rags to riches" theme.
Mark Twain He was America's most popular author, but also renowned platform lecturer.
He lived from 1835 to 1910. Used "romantic" type literature with
comedy to entertain his audiences. In 1873 along with the help of Charles
Dudley Warner he wrote The Gilded Age. This is why the time period is called
the "Gilded Age". The greatest contribution he made to American
literature was the way he captured the frontier realism and humor through the
dialect his characters use.
Carrie Chapman Catt She was a leader of the women's suffrage movement. She was not successful
in accomplishing her goal, but she did spark a movement that would eventually
lead to women's right to vote.
Mary Baker Eddy She founded the Church of Christ (Christian Science) in 1879. Preached
that the true practice of Christianity heals sickness. (No need for a doctor,
if have enough faith can heal self). Wrote a widely purchased book,
"Science and Health with a key to the Scriptures".
Charles Darwin An English Naturalists who wrote the Origin of the Species in 1859. His
theory stated that in nature the strongest of a species survive, the weaker
animals died out leaving only the stronger of the species. Through this process
of natural selection the entire species improved.
Booker T. Washington An ex-slave who saved his money to buy himself an education. He believed
that blacks must first gain economic equality before they gain social equality.
He was President of the Tuskegee Institute and he was a part of the Atlanta
Compromise. Washington believed that blacks should be taught useful skills so
that whites would see them as useful.
William James a philosopher on Harvard faculty, wrote Principles of Psychology, The Will
of to Believe, Varieties of Religious Experience, and Pragmatism; 1842-1910:
Helped to express philosophy of the nation.
Henry George He was a journalist-author and an original thinker. he saw poverty at its
worst in India and wrote the classic Progress and Poverty. this book in 1879
broke into the best-seller lists. he believed that the pressure of a growing
population with a fixed supply of land pushed up property values.
Florence Kelley A lifelong battler for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and
consumers. Served as a general secretary of the National Consumers League. Led
the women of Hull House into a successful lobby in 1893 for an Illinois
antisweatshop law that protected women workers and prohibited child labor. A
leader in women's activism and social reform.
bor. A leader in women's activism and social reform.
Chapter #25: Guided Reading Questions
The Urban Frontier
Know:
Louis
Sullivan, Walking Cities, Department Stores, Tenements
1. What
factors led to the growth of cities in the second half of the 1800's?
The New Immigration
2. How
were the new immigrants different from the old immigrants?
Southern Europe Uprooted
3. Why
did the new immigrants come to America in such large numbers?
Reactions to the New
Immigration
Know: Political
Bosses, Social Gospel, Jane Addams, Hull House, Settlement houses, Lillian
Wald, Florence Kelley
4. How
did political bosses help immigrants?
Narrowing the Welcome Mat
Know:
Nativists,
Anglo-Saxon, American Protective Association, Statue of Liberty
5. In
1886, what was ironic about the words inscribed on the base of the Statue of
Liberty?
Churches Confront the Urban
Challenge
Know:
Dwight
Lyman Moody, Cardinal Gibbons, Salvation Army, Mary Baker Eddy, YMCA
6 What
role did religion play in helping the urban poor?
Darwin Disrupts the Churches
Know:
Charles
Darwin, Origin of the Species, Fundamentalists, Modernists, Colonel Robert G.
Ingersoll,
7. What
effect did the theory of evolution have on Christian churches?
The Lust for Learning
Know:
Normal
Schools, Kindergarten, Chautauqua
8. What
advances took place in education in the years following the Civil War?
Booker T. Washington and
Education for Black People
Know: Booker
T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute, Accomodationist, George Washington Carver,
W.E.B. Du Bois, NAACP
9. Explain
the differences in belief between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois.
The Hallowed Halls of Ivy
Know:
Vassar,
Howard, Morrill Act, Land Grant Colleges, Hatch Act
10. What
factors allowed the number of college students to dramatically increase?
The March of the
Mind
Know:
William
James
11. Describe
some of the intellectual achievements of the late 1800’s.
The Appeal of the Press
The Appeal of the Press
Know:
Joseph
Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst, Yellow Journalism
12.
How
did the ability to produce newspapers inexpensively change their content?
Apostles of Reform
Know:
Edwin
L. Godkin, Henry George, Edward Bellamy
13. How
did writers in the 1870's and 1880's try to address the problems of their time?
Postwar Writing
Know:
Dime
novels, Horatio Alger, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson
14. Did
the trends in writing after the Civil War make it a good period for literature?
Explain.
Literary Landmarks
Know: Kate
Chopin, Mark Twain, Bret Harte, William Dean Howells, Stephen Crane, Henry
James, Jack London, Frank Norris, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Charles W. Chestnut,
Theodore Dreiser.
15. What
did many writers in the late 1800's have in common?
The New Morality
Know:
Victoria
Woodhull, Anthony Comstock
16. What
evidence demonstrated a battle raging over sexual morality?
Families and Women in the
City
Know: Charlotte
Perkins Gilman, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt,
National Women Suffrage Association, Ida B. Wells
17. What
changes were occurring in the women's rights movement?
Prohibition of Alcohol and
Social Progress
Know: Women's
Christian Temperance Union, Carrie Nation, Anti-Saloon League, 18th Amendment,
Clara Barton
18.
What
social causes were women (and many men) involved in the late 1800's?
Artistic Triumphs
Know: James
Whistler, John Singer Sargent, Mary Cassatt, George Inness, Thomas Eakins,
Winslow Homer, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Metropolitan Opera House, Henry H.
Richardson, Columbian Exposition
19. Why
is this section titled "artistic triumphs?"
The Business of Amusement
Know:
Vaudeville,
P.T. Barnum, Buffalo Bill Cody, Annie Oakley, James Naismith
20. What
forms of recreation became popular from 1870 to 1900?
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