1. Conservatism emerged through Reagan who supported tax cuts, “supply-side” economics that helped businesses, and a strengthening of the military. The national debt increased dramatically, largely due to increased military spending.
2. Reagan took a strong stance against communism, calling the U.S.S.R. the “evil empire.”
3. When Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union, tensions began to soften. Gorbachev’s actions within the U.S.S.R. would eventually lead to communism’s fall in 1989.
4. In 1991, Iraq invaded Kuwait. This started an international effort to oust Iraq, led by George H. W. Bush and the U.S.
Chapter #41: The Resurgence of Conservatism
Martin Luther King Jr.
Viet Cong (V.C
Jimmy Carter
Edward Kennedy
Ronald Reagan
John Anderson
Anwar Sadat
Geraldine Ferraro
Jesse Jackson
Sandra Day O'Conner
"supply-side economics"
Moral Majority
Chappaquiddick
Grenada Invasion
Yuppies
Strategic Defense Initiative
Betty Friedan.
Reverse Discrimination
Affirmative Action
Neo-conservatism
Sunbelt
Roe v. Wade
CHAPTER 41: THE RESURGENCE OF CONSERVATISM (1980-1992)
The Election of Ronald Reagan, 1980
Know: New Right, Moral Majority, neoconservatives, “ABC” movement
1. What factors (social, political, and economic) contributed to Reagan’s victory in 1980?
The Reagan Revolution
Know: Iranian hostage release, Prop. 13, “welfare state,” “boll weevils”
2. What changes did Reagan make to the national budget and how did these contrast with previous spending programs?
The Battle of the Budget
Know: recession of 1982, supply-side economics, “yuppies”
3. What practices contributed to federal budget deficits under Reagan’s administration?
Reagan Renews the Cold War
Know: Star Wars/SDI, arms race, Cold War, “Solidarity,” Olympic boycott
4. What were Reagan’s attitude, strategy, and rationale toward negotiating with the Soviets?
Troubles Abroad
Know: West Bank, Israel and Lebanon, “Teflon president,” Sandinistas, “contra” rebels
5. Summarize Reagan’s international policy in the Middle East and Central America/Caribbean, identifying which side the U.S. supported and which side it opposed.
Round Two for Reagan
Know: Geraldine Ferraro, Mikhail Gorbachev, glasnost, perestroika, INF treaty
6. What changes in the Soviet Union contributed to the end of the Cold War?
The Iran-Contra Imbroglio
Know: Iran-contra affair
7. Describe the flow of money and arms involved in the Iran-contra scandal.
Reagan’s Economic Legacy
Know: “Reaganomics”
8. How was Reagan’s economic policy both a failure and a victory?
The Religious Right
Know: Jerry Falwell, Moral Majority, “identity politics”
9. How did the tactics of the religious right parallel those of the movements of the New Left during the 1960s?
Conservatism in the Courts
Know: Sandra Day O’Connor, affirmative action, Roe v. Wade, Planned Parenthood v. Casey
10. How did the Supreme Court decisions in Webster and Casey curtail Roe v. Wade?
Referendum on Reaganism in 1988
Know: “Black Monday,” “Seven Dwarfs”
11. What factors contributed to the ruin of savings and loan institutions?
George H.W. Bush and the End of the Cold War
Know: George H. W. Bush, Tiananmen Square, Berlin Wall, CIS, Yugoslavia, “ethnic cleansing,” Nelson Mandela
12. What were the unexpected consequences of the demise of the Soviet Union?
The Persian Gulf Crisis
Know: Saddam Hussein, “Operation Desert Storm” (“hundred-hour war”)
13. “The enemy of my enemy is my friend.” How did this philosophy have a negative outcome in America’s involvement with Iran and Iraq?
Bush on the Home Front
Know: Americans with Disabilities Act, Clarence Thomas, Anita Hill, “read my lips…”
14. How did reaction to the Thomas confirmation reflect the changing political attitudes of some women?
Varying Viewpoints: Where Did Modern Conservatism Come From?
Know: Charles and Mary Beard, Huey Long, Charles Coughlin, Sugrue and Edsall, George Will
15. Identify three broad influences that contributed to modern Conservatism and defend the one you think was most influential.
CHAPTER 38: THE STORMY SIXTIES
Kennedy's "New Frontier" Spirit
Know: John F. Kennedy, Jacqueline Kennedy, Bobby Kennedy, J. Edgar Hoover, Robert McNamara, Peace Corps
1. What was new about the New Frontier?
The New Frontier at Home
2. Assess the effectiveness of New Frontier domestic policies.
Rumblings in Europe
Know: Berlin Wall, Common Market, Trade Expansion Act, Charles de Gaulle
3. Describe Kennedy's relationship with Western Europe.
Foreign Flare-ups and "Flexible Response"
Know: Congo, Laos, Robert McNamara, Flexible Response
4. Why did Kennedy believe that a policy of flexible response could better meet the foreign problems of the 1960s?
Stepping into the Vietnam Quagmire
Know: Ngo Dinh Diem, Viet Cong
5. Why was it difficult to use flexible response to deal with the situation in South Vietnam?
Cuban Confrontations
Know: Alliance for Progress, Fidel Castro, Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Nikita Khrushchev, Quarantine, Hot Line
6. How could Cuba be considered the low and the high of Kennedy's foreign policy?
The Struggle for Civil Rights
Know: Freedom Riders, Martin Luther King Jr., SNCC, James Meredith, Birmingham, March on Washington, "I Have a Dream," Medgar Evers
7. Were Kennedy's civil rights actions more the cause of events or a reaction to events in the civil rights movement?
The Killing of Kennedy
Know: Lee Harvey Oswald, Jack Ruby, Warren Commission
8. What was the reaction to Kennedy's assassination? Why?
The LBJ Brand on the Presidency
Know: Lyndon Baines Johnson, The Johnson Treatment, Civil Rights Act of 1964, Affirmative Action, War on Poverty, Great Society, The Other America
9. Did Johnson provide good leadership to the country in his first term? Explain.
Johnson Battles Goldwater in 1964
Know: Barry Goldwater, Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
10. Your book says that the 1964 election was a contest between distinctly different political philosophies. Explain this idea?
The Great Society Congress
Know: Department of Housing and Urban Development, Medicare, Medicaid, Entitlements, Immigration and Nationality Act, Head Start
11. In what ways could it be said that 1964-68 marked some of the most liberal years for government in American history?
Battling for Black Rights
Know: Voting Rights Act of 1965, The Twenty-fourth Amendment, Freedom Summer, Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, Selma
12. What forward steps toward voting for African-Americans were made in the mid-1960s?
Black Power
Know: Watts, Malcolm X, Elijah Muhammed, Black Panthers, Stokely Carmichael
13. Why did African-Americans turn from non-violence in the late 1960s?
Combating Communism in Two Hemispheres
Know: Operation Rolling Thunder, Guerrilla Warfare
14. Why did President Johnson increase America's military presence in Vietnam?
Vietnam Vexations
Know: Six-Day War, Teach-ins, William Fulbright, Credibility Gap, Cointelpro
15. Describe the negative consequences of the Vietnam War.
Vietnam Topples Johnson
Know: Tet Offensive, Eugene McCarthy
16. Why did President Johnson decide not to run for re-election in 1968?
The Presidential Sweepstakes of 1968
Know: Hubert Humphrey, Robert Kennedy, Democratic Convention, Richard Nixon, George Wallace
17. Why was the 1968 presidential election an interesting one?
Victory for Nixon
18. "Nixon had received no clear mandate to do anything [in the 1968 election]." Explain.
The Obituary of Lyndon Johnson
19. It could be said that few presidents were as great a success or as great a failure as Lyndon Johnson. Assess.
The Cultural Upheaval of the 1960s
Know: Berkeley, Sexual Revolution, Stonewall Inn, Students for a Democratic Society, LSD
20. Why did a 1960s counterculture develop and how was it expressed?
Varying Viewpoints: The Sixties: Constructive or Destructive?
21. How do you answer the question in the title of this section? Explain.
